Utopias of Perfection and their Dystopias

The search for optimality is a must in the study of biological evolution and many models have been proposed in order to grasp its main operating gears. These models can also give a deep comprehension of many social and economical phenomena and are studied in the so called econophysics. Bak Sneppen is one of the most significant models because it balances at best explication power and simplicity. Unlike cellular automata models, where phenomena happen in a local framework without global supervision, Bak Sneppen models join locality and globality, as many contemporary economical models require. The authors try to re-read these models between utopic and dystopic frames, showing with simplified models some behaviors that had not been considered in the previous literature. A search for uniformity rather than optimality is also studied, since it seems to rule fashion evolution, as well as political behavior of people (Band wagon).