High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) are the most utilized physical exercise for improving body composition and aerobic physical capacities in adults and adolescent with obesity. However, a weekly combination of a high volume of MICT (i.e., 70-80%) with a low volume of HIIT (i.e., 20-30%) leads to important improvements in body composition and physical capacities in both endurance athletes and people with obesity. For this reason, the first aim of the thesis was to compare a 12-week period of combined training (COMB) (i.e., MICT + HIIT) with HIIT on body composition, physical capacities and fat oxidation rate in male adults with obesity. Thirty-four obese male adults participated in this study. COMB training consisted of 3 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V’O2 peak) (e.g., HIIT 20%), followed by 30 minutes at 60% of VO2 peak (e.g., MICT 80%). The HIIT group performed 5-7 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of VO2 peak. Teast were carried out at baseline (PRE) and at the end of 12-week (POST). At POST, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased equally in both groups (P < 0.05). V’O2 peak increased in both groups by 16% (P < 0.05). The maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate increased similarly in both groups by 0.04 g min-1 (P < 0.05). Thus, COMB training appears to be a valid alternative to HIIT in male adults with obesity. The aim of the second chapter was to investigate changes in body composition and physical capacities induced by a 24-week polarized POL or threshold (THR) training intensity distribution (TID) in male adults with obesity. Twenty male patients participated in this study. The POL group performed more weekly training below the gas exchange threshold GET (i.e. 90%), while the THR group performed more weekly training of medium to high intensity (i.e., 30% > GET). After 24-week, BM and fat mass FM decreased similarly in both groups. Physical capacitues (V′O2max and ventilatory thresholds) increased similarly in both groups (P<0.05). Thus, individualized training with a POL and THR approach were equally effective in adults with obesity. Finally the aims of the third chapter was to examine the effects of COMB compared to MICT during a 3‐week in‐hospital body weight reduction program (BWRP) on body composition, physical capacities, and substrate oxidation in adolescents with obesity. Twenty‐one male adolescents with obesity participated in this trial. The COMB group completed 3 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of V′O2peak (e.g. HIIT ≤ 20%), followed by 30 minutes at 60% of V′O2 (e.g. MICT ≥ 80%). At POST, BM reduction was significantly greater in the MICT group than in the COMB group (i.e., -8 and -5 kg, respectively, P < 0.05), while FM decreased similarly in both groups (P < 0.05). Only in the COMB group fat-free mass (FFM) was maintained. The V′O2peak increased only in the COMB group by 0.28 L min−1 (P < 0.05). The MFO increased only in the COMB group by 0.04 g min−1 (P < 0.05). Thus, COMB training is a viable alternative to MICT in adolescents with obesity.
L'allenamento ad intervalli ad alta intensità (HIIT) e l'allenamento continuo ad intensità moderata (MICT) sono le forme di esercizio più utilizzate per migliorare la composizione corporea e le capacità fisiche in individui con obesità sia adulti che adolescenti. Tuttavia, una combinazione settimanale di MICT ad alto volume (70-80% del lavoro) con HIIT a basso volume (20-30% del lavoro) sembra portare a importanti miglioramenti nella composizione corporea e nelle capacità fisiche sia in atleti di resistenza che in persone con obesità, rispetto al solo HIIT o MICT. Per questo motivo, l’obiettivo del primo capitolo della tesi è stato quello di confrontare gli effetti di un periodo di 12 settimane di allenamento combinato (COMB) (MICT + HIIT) con HIIT sulla composizione corporea, le capacità fisiche e l’ossidazione dei grassi in adulti maschi con obesità. Nel primo studio hanno preso parte trentaquattro adulti maschi con obesità. L'allenamento COMB consisteva in 3 ripetizioni di 2 minuti al 95% del consumo di ossigeno di picco (VO2peak) (20% HIIT), seguite da 30 minuti al 60% del VO2peak (80% MICT). Il gruppo HIIT ha eseguito 5-7 ripetizioni di 2 minuti al 95% VO2peak. Le misure sono state eseguite al basale (PRE) e alla fine delle 12 settimane (POST). Nel POST, il peso (BM) e la massa grassa (FM) sono diminuite ugualmente in entrambi i gruppi (P < 0.05)Il VO2peak è aumentato in entrambi i gruppi del 16% (P < 0,05). La massima ossidazione lipidica (MFO) è aumentata in modo simile in entrambi i gruppi di 0.04 g min-1 (P < 0.05). Pertanto, l'allenamento COMB sembra essere una valida alternativa all'HIIT in adulti maschi con obesità. Nel secondo capitolo abbiamo studiato i cambiamenti nella composizione corporea e nelle capacità fisiche indotte da 24 settimane di allenamento con distribuzione polarizzata (POL) o in soglia (THR) applicate in adulti maschi con obesità. Venti pazienti maschi hanno partecipato a questo studio. Il gruppo POL ha eseguito più allenamenti settimanali al di sotto prima soglia ventilatoria (GET) (90%), mentre il gruppo THR ha eseguito più allenamenti settimanali di intensità medio-alta (cioè 30% > GET). Dopo 24 settimane, la BM e la FM sono diminuite ugualmente in entrambi i gruppi. Le capacità fisiche sono aumentate in modo simile in entrambi i gruppi (P<0.05). Pertanto, l'allenamento individualizzato con un approccio POL o THR si è dimostrato ugualmente efficace in adulti con obesità. Infine, nel terzo capitolo abbiamo esaminato gli effetti dell’allenamento COMB rispetto al MICT, durante 3 settimane di riduzione ponderale in ospedale (BWRP) su composizione corporea, capacità fisiche e ossidazione dei substrati in adolescenti con obesità. Ventuno adolescenti maschi con obesità hanno partecipato a questo studio. Il gruppo COMB ha completato 3 step di 2 minuti al 95% del V'O2peak (HIIT ≤ 20%), seguito da 30 minuti al 60% del V'O2 peak (MICT ≥ 80%). Nel POST, la riduzione della BM è stata maggiore nel gruppo MICT rispetto al gruppo COMB (-8 kg e -5kg, P < 0.05), mentre la FM è dimunita allo stesso modo in entrambi i gruppi (P<0.05). La massa magra (FFM) è stata mantenuta solo nel gruppo COMB. Il V'O2peak è aumentato solo nel gruppo COMB di 0.28 L min-1 (P < 0.05). La MFO è aumentata solo nel gruppo COMB di 0.04 g min-1 (P < 0.05). Pertanto, l'allenamento COMB si è dimostrata una valida alternativa al MICT in adolescenti con obesità.
L'effetto dell'allenamento Polarizzato (POL) e dell'High Intensity Interval training su composizione corporea, capacità fisiche aerobiche e ossidazione dei grassi in individui con obesità / Mattia D'alleva , 2024 Jun 28. 36. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2022/2023.
L'effetto dell'allenamento Polarizzato (POL) e dell'High Intensity Interval training su composizione corporea, capacità fisiche aerobiche e ossidazione dei grassi in individui con obesità.
D'ALLEVA, MATTIA
2024-06-28
Abstract
High intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) are the most utilized physical exercise for improving body composition and aerobic physical capacities in adults and adolescent with obesity. However, a weekly combination of a high volume of MICT (i.e., 70-80%) with a low volume of HIIT (i.e., 20-30%) leads to important improvements in body composition and physical capacities in both endurance athletes and people with obesity. For this reason, the first aim of the thesis was to compare a 12-week period of combined training (COMB) (i.e., MICT + HIIT) with HIIT on body composition, physical capacities and fat oxidation rate in male adults with obesity. Thirty-four obese male adults participated in this study. COMB training consisted of 3 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of peak oxygen uptake (V’O2 peak) (e.g., HIIT 20%), followed by 30 minutes at 60% of VO2 peak (e.g., MICT 80%). The HIIT group performed 5-7 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of VO2 peak. Teast were carried out at baseline (PRE) and at the end of 12-week (POST). At POST, body mass (BM) and fat mass (FM) decreased equally in both groups (P < 0.05). V’O2 peak increased in both groups by 16% (P < 0.05). The maximal fat oxidation (MFO) rate increased similarly in both groups by 0.04 g min-1 (P < 0.05). Thus, COMB training appears to be a valid alternative to HIIT in male adults with obesity. The aim of the second chapter was to investigate changes in body composition and physical capacities induced by a 24-week polarized POL or threshold (THR) training intensity distribution (TID) in male adults with obesity. Twenty male patients participated in this study. The POL group performed more weekly training below the gas exchange threshold GET (i.e. 90%), while the THR group performed more weekly training of medium to high intensity (i.e., 30% > GET). After 24-week, BM and fat mass FM decreased similarly in both groups. Physical capacitues (V′O2max and ventilatory thresholds) increased similarly in both groups (P<0.05). Thus, individualized training with a POL and THR approach were equally effective in adults with obesity. Finally the aims of the third chapter was to examine the effects of COMB compared to MICT during a 3‐week in‐hospital body weight reduction program (BWRP) on body composition, physical capacities, and substrate oxidation in adolescents with obesity. Twenty‐one male adolescents with obesity participated in this trial. The COMB group completed 3 repetitions of 2 minutes at 95% of V′O2peak (e.g. HIIT ≤ 20%), followed by 30 minutes at 60% of V′O2 (e.g. MICT ≥ 80%). At POST, BM reduction was significantly greater in the MICT group than in the COMB group (i.e., -8 and -5 kg, respectively, P < 0.05), while FM decreased similarly in both groups (P < 0.05). Only in the COMB group fat-free mass (FFM) was maintained. The V′O2peak increased only in the COMB group by 0.28 L min−1 (P < 0.05). The MFO increased only in the COMB group by 0.04 g min−1 (P < 0.05). Thus, COMB training is a viable alternative to MICT in adolescents with obesity.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.