This research deals with the issue of cross-border conversion in the era of digital and ecological transition. Specifically, it explores the relationship between the companies' subjective continuity in the destination jurisdiction and digitalization, and the role of sustainability as a factor encouraging a race to the top in the regulation competition resulting from companies’ mobility. The investigation of these dynamics is preceded by a precise systematic analysis of the structural components of cross-border conversion (transfer of the registered office abroad, change of lex societatis, and change of legal form), through an initial contextualization of the operation in its European dimension in the context of freedom of establishment and the phenomenon of regulatory arbitrages. The result of this line of argument is a position on the doctrinal conflict regarding the nature of cross-border conversion, classifying the operation as a transfer of the registered office abroad with a change of the lex societatis, rather than as an atypical transformation. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the exit right, introduced in the transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 by Article 9 of Legislative Decree 19/2023, as a means of protection for shareholders facing a cross-border conversion transaction. In particular, through a preliminary comparative analysis of the exit mechanisms adopted by Spain and Germany, the nature and procedural structure of the so-called cross-border appraisal is studied, which it appears to be merely a right to sell shares not related to the share capital. Finally the dissertation attempts to identify solutions at the statutory and shareholders' agreement level to control the costs for the company resulting from the exercise of such exit rights by minority shareholders, in order to prevent the expenditure associated with exit from jeopardizing the implementation of cross-border transactions.
La presente ricerca affronta il tema della trasformazione transfrontaliera nell’era della transizione digitale ed ecologica. Nello specifico, viene approfondita la relazione sussistente tra continuità soggettiva delle società nell’ordinamento di destinazione e digitalizzazione, e il ruolo della sostenibilità come fattore incentivante una race to the top nell’ambito della concorrenza tra ordinamenti che si crea per effetto della mobilità delle società. L’esame di queste dinamiche è preceduto da una precisa analisi sistematica delle componenti strutturali della trasformazione transfrontaliera (trasferimento della sede sociale all’estero, mutamento della lex societatis e cambio del tipo), attraverso una prima contestualizzazione dell’operazione nella sua dimensione europea nell’ambito della libertà di stabilimento e del fenomeno degli arbitraggi normativi. All’esito di tale percorso argomentativo si giunge ad una presa di posizione rispetto al contrasto dottrinale sulla natura della trasformazione transfrontaliera, classificando l’operazione come trasferimento della sede sociale all’estero con mutamento della lex societatis, anziché come trasformazione atipica. Segue uno studio dettagliato del diritto di recesso, introdotto in sede di recepimento della Direttiva (UE) 2019/2121 dall’art. 9 d.lgs. 19/2023, quale strumento di tutela per i soci di fronte ad una operazione di trasformazione transfrontaliera. In particolare, attraverso una preliminare analisi comparatistica degli istituti di exit adottati da Spagna e Germania, viene studiata la natura e la struttura procedimentale del cd. recesso transfrontaliero, il quale pare esaurirsi nell’essere un mero diritto di alienazione delle partecipazioni non correlato al capitale sociale. Infine, la tesi tenta di individuare delle soluzioni a livello statutario e parasociale per controllare i costi per la società conseguenti all’esercizio di siffatto exit right da parte dei soci di minoranza, al fine di evitare che l’esborso legato al recesso possa pregiudicare la realizzazione di operazioni transfrontaliere.
Trasformazione transfrontaliera e diritto di recesso / Enrico Vanzetto , 2026 Mar 27. 38. ciclo, Anno Accademico 2024/2025.
Trasformazione transfrontaliera e diritto di recesso
VANZETTO, ENRICO
2026-03-27
Abstract
This research deals with the issue of cross-border conversion in the era of digital and ecological transition. Specifically, it explores the relationship between the companies' subjective continuity in the destination jurisdiction and digitalization, and the role of sustainability as a factor encouraging a race to the top in the regulation competition resulting from companies’ mobility. The investigation of these dynamics is preceded by a precise systematic analysis of the structural components of cross-border conversion (transfer of the registered office abroad, change of lex societatis, and change of legal form), through an initial contextualization of the operation in its European dimension in the context of freedom of establishment and the phenomenon of regulatory arbitrages. The result of this line of argument is a position on the doctrinal conflict regarding the nature of cross-border conversion, classifying the operation as a transfer of the registered office abroad with a change of the lex societatis, rather than as an atypical transformation. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the exit right, introduced in the transposition of Directive (EU) 2019/2121 by Article 9 of Legislative Decree 19/2023, as a means of protection for shareholders facing a cross-border conversion transaction. In particular, through a preliminary comparative analysis of the exit mechanisms adopted by Spain and Germany, the nature and procedural structure of the so-called cross-border appraisal is studied, which it appears to be merely a right to sell shares not related to the share capital. Finally the dissertation attempts to identify solutions at the statutory and shareholders' agreement level to control the costs for the company resulting from the exercise of such exit rights by minority shareholders, in order to prevent the expenditure associated with exit from jeopardizing the implementation of cross-border transactions.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


