Virtual augmentation of a simulated scenario for first aid operators training

Simulations are frequently used in first aid training to help first aid operators experience real-world scenarios in a controlled, safe environment. In these simulations, special effects can be used to enhance the realism of the scene, such as fake blood and makeup. Although these offer very high realism, they are also non-reusable and have a long setup time. In this paper, we propose an augmented reality (AR) system to provide a platform for designing and implementing special effects for first aid simulations. The AR system was implemented with a focus on the simulation of bleeding wounds, and later tested on 18 operators from the local Red Cross section. Data collected with the questionnaires show that all operators provided medical assistance during the simulation, and all rated the AR experience as useful. Furthermore, 13 did not find any difficulties in using the AR system, while 7 mentioned realism as a positive aspect. However, 3 described the video clarity as insufficient and 3 noted the absence of sounds. Overall, the collected feedback indicates that the AR system can be a useful tool for training Red Cross operators in first-aid scenarios, and participants' opinions provided valuable suggestions for further development.