Is scleral fixation a safe procedure for intraocular lens implantation?

Purpose: No consensus currently exists on the optimal method for intraocular (IOL) implantation without capsular support. We evaluated the outcome and angiographic findings of eyes that underwent the implantation of scleral fixated IOLs. Methods: Iris and retinal fluorescein angiography were performed in 13 eyes that had received posterior chamber IOL implantation with scleral fixation. Follow-up examinations also assessed visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), IOL decentration and complications related to the procedure. Results: Mean visual acuity was 0.29 preoperatively and 0.71 postoperatively after a mean follow-up of 14.2 months. A best corrected visual acuity of 0.5 or better was obtained in 12 eyes. Iris fluorescein angiography did not show major vascular abnormalities. Retinal angiography showed 5 cases of macular edema. In 6 eyes light-induced retinal lesions occurred. Cellophane maculopathy was disclosed in 4 eyes. Macular edema was associated with photic injury in 4 cases and with cellophane maculopathy in 2 cases. Mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.6 in eyes with macular edema and 0.88 in eyes without (SD 0.18; range 0.5-1.0). Four of 5 eyes with macular edema had a postoperative visual acuity of 0.5 or better. There was no evidence of persistent IOP elevation or IOL decentration. No serious complications were recorded during surgery. Conclusions: Transscleral fixation of posterior chamber IOLs provides adequate visual acuity in most patients. Macular edema was frequently associated with the procedure. Although this complication was a cause of low visual recovery after implantation, the majority of eyes with macular edema achieved a visual acuity of 0.5 or better. Light-induced retinal injury was a permanent complication.