Trasformazione del paesaggio e tutela degli ambiti culturali nel confronto tra conservazione e preservazione

Transformation of the Landscape and Protection of Cultural Sites in the Comparison between Conservation and Preservation. The separation of landscape protection on the skills of public works, has brought Italy to the separation of the Ministry of Environment, Protection of Natural Resources and Sea (Ministero dell’Ambiente, Tutela del Territorio e del Mare) by the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Ministero delle Infrastrutture e Trasporti formerly Ministry of Public Works) and the Ministry of Heritage and Culture (Ministero per i Beni e le Attività Culturali), which includes the Superintendence for Architectural and Landscape Heritage and the Superintendence for Historical, Artistic and Ethno-anthropological Heritage, closing the dialog between landscape and environment into dualistic scenarios: preservative conservation on the one hand and on the other speculative development. This dualism, which for more than half a century has haunted planners and separate the historical-architectural and cultural contexts from evolutionary, stiffening the semantic structures and practices of construction of divergent positions, prevented the reductio ad unum of landscape and landscape reading on the Italian territory. This “strong” example of a post-war Italy, governed by previous instances, finds similar situations of stiffening of preexistences in many other European and non-European contexts, causing us to have to think, and it’s never too late, on the logic opposition of preservation and conservation: two cases adverse and of multiple interpretability. Text that is proposed here seeks to investigate the differences between two different points of view for the protection of cultural heritage and landscape, through illustrative graphics and reasoning on the use of goods or on their museification, calling into question, in addition to the Italian case also a case outside Europe, such as the French protectorate of Morocco during the Early Twentieth century.