Bimetallic Cu/Fe catalysts for ibuprofen mineralization

At present, the use of conventional wastewater processes is becoming increasingly challenging, mainly due to the presence of biorecalcitrant organic matter. Advanced oxidation processes such as Fenton, Fenton-like and hybrid processes have been successfully employed for the treatment of highly concentrated and toxic non-biodegradable pollutants. Here, a series of bimetallic catalysts, based on Cu/Fe supported over ZrO2, were investigated for the mineralization of ibuprofen with a heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. The materials were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and characterized by standard techniques. Temperature-programmed experiments highlighted the promotion of the reduction in CuO due to the synergistic effects of the coupled redox cycles of copper (Cu2+/Cu+) and iron (Fe+3/Fe+2). 5%Cu-5þ/ZrO2 not only displays the highest ibuprofen mineralization (83%) under optimum conditions but also exploits its activity in a wider range of pH (3–5) with extremely low metal leaching. The recycling of bimetallic catalysts reveals that only the 5%Cu-5þ/ZrO2 system is able to provide sustainable activity in heterogeneous Fenton process.