O pervom russkom perevode «Architektury» Džakomo Barocci da Vin’oly

Статья посвящена первому русскому переводу трактата «Правило пяти ордеров архитектуры» Джакомо Бароцци да Виньолы, который увидел свет в 1709 г. («Правило о пяти чинех архитектуры Якова Бароция де Вигнола»). Исходя из чисто лингвистических соображений, делается вывод о том, что перевод был сделан с итальянского языка. В основной части статьи предлагается подробный анализ целого ряда архитектурных терминов-итальянизмов, которые впервые зафиксированы именно в переводе виньоловского трактата 1709 г. При анализе удалось выявить новые данные для изучения словарного состава русского языка XVIII века: один вариант, не получивший фиксации в словарях (модиянон ‘модильон’), более раннюю хронологию некоторых вариантов (формы абака, архитрава, басамент и колон вошли в русский язык уже в 1709 г.) и не отмеченное в словарях значение заимствования балкон. This paper is devoted to the first Russian (1709) translation of the treatise Regola delli cinque ordini d’architettura [Canon of the five orders of architecture] by Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola. Notable for its brevity and simplicity of presentation, this treatise served as a canonical textbook for all European architects of the XVII to mid-XIX centuries. The first goal of the paper was to prove in a non-arbitrary way, on the basis of strictly linguistic arguments, that the source language for the translation was Italian. Proceeding from this conclusion, the core section of the paper provides a detailed analysis of a number of architectural terms that were used for the first time in Russian in this translation. These terms, still in use in modern Russian, undoubtedly represent direct Italian borrowings regardless of their current phonetic shape. The proposed analysis of the terms, based on the main historical and etymological dictionaries, comes up with new findings regarding the 18th century Russian vocabulary. These include the discovery of one variant of the meaning of modiyanon ‘modillion’ that was not recorded in the dictionaries, the updated chronology for some other variants (viz. the forms abaka, arkhitrava, basament and kolon appear to have entered the Russian language already as early as in 1709), and the identification of another meaning for balkon, not captured in the existing dictionaries. Since, as this paper shows, the Russian translation of the treatise will inevitably become an important focus of studies in the history of the development of Russian architectural terminology, further research is needed in this area on both the formal characteristics and semantics of each terminological unit.