Usefulness of ultrasound guided core needle biopsy of the parotid gland for the diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome

Objective The diagnosis and classification of primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) relies on labial biopsy, whereas the role of open parotid biopsy is mainly reserved to evaluate the lymphoproliferative complications. Recently ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-guided CNB) appeared as a novel and safe technique useful in lymphoma assessment, however, its potential role in the diagnosis of pSS has never been assessed. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of US-guided CNB of the parotid glands in patients affected by pSS. Methods Patients affected by pSS who underwent US-guided CNB for a suspected glandular lymphoma were included. Adequacy of the samples and histopathological features related to pSS were analysed. Results US-guided CNB was performed on 29 parotid glands. The biopsied samples were adequate for diagnosis in 28/29 (96.5%) cases. Fifteen patients showed pathologic features of parotid lymphoma. Among the remaining patients, 9/13 presented focus score ≥1; LELs were present in 8/13 patients, and GCs in 11/13. In 8 cases the histological features were coherent with MESA/LESA. Acinar atrophy, fibrosis and duct dilatation were also evaluated. Conclusion This preliminary study suggests the possible usefulness of US-guided CNB for the diagnosis of pSS by enabling the collection of adequate salivary gland tissue to assess the FS, GCs, LELs, and other histopathologic features also useful in the management of pSS patients.