Criminal risk assessment and predictive policing: is the algorithm consistent with fundamental rights?

During the last few decades, the development and the expansion of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) opened the gates to massive social and juridical changes. Artificial Intelligence, in particular, has been used for criminal risk assessment and predictive policing to assist the work of both police and judges. But what is an algorithm, and why should we rely on Artificial Intelligence rather than adopt traditional methods? Are these methods consistent with modern constitutions such as the American and the Italian ones? Can Italian criminal justice embrace the use of such tools? The results obtained by monitoring the impact of computational tools in northern-American criminal justice may offer us some answers to such questions.