Plodarisch, Zahrar Sproche, Tischlbongarisch: Assessing the degree of endangerment

This paper evaluates the vitality and degree of endangerment of Plodarisch/ Sappadino, Zahrar Sproche/Saurano, and Tischlbongarisch/Timavese, three Southern Bavarian dialects spoken in the German enclaves of Sappada/Plodn, Sauris/Zahre, and Timau/Tischlbong in the alpine area of Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy. Employing the parameters developed by UNESCO and used in the UNESCO Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, the study reassesses existing literature and integrates recent sociolinguistic field data. The assessment concludes that despite strong community support, institutional protection, and significant efforts in education and documentation, all three varieties are severely endangered due to a consistent decline in intergenerational transmission and diminished use in daily life. To ensure their continued viability, concerted efforts are urgently needed.