The use of temperature-programmed and dynamic/transient methods in catalysis: characterization of ceria-based, model three-way catalysts

Temperature-programmed (TP) methods have been increasingly used in recent years for the characterization of catalytic materials under conditions similar to those encountered in commercial applications. A large variety of complementary TP techniques can be used with minimum variation of experimental conditions, thus allowing great characterization potential in a single apparatus. Modern analytical and numerical tools allow accurate analysis and modeling of TP profiles, to obtain kinetic and other reaction parameters. Here, we will briefly review the experimental TP methods used for the characterization of the reduction features and the dynamic behavior of oxygen-storage/redox components of auto exhaust catalysts, based mainly on CeO2 and ceria-zirconia.